102 исключения множественного числа в английском: Latin plural endings
латинское множественное окончание

Об исключениях в образовании множественного числа существительных задумываются редко. И это неудивительно, чаще всего исключения касаются заимствований из латинского и древнегреческого. Сейчас большая часть из них используется в академических текстах или официальных документах и обсуждениях. В таких случаях, если и возникли затруднения, то можно легко проверить себя по словарю, но что если вы готовитесь к экзамену или олимпиаде по английскому? Нужен более и менее исчерпывающий список таких исключений, чтобы сразу их все заучить. Такой список перед вами! В таблице ниже вы найдете не только форму единственного и множественного числа, но и примеры к ним с переводом, а также можете прослушать, как произносится каждое слово или пример.
Навигация по таблице:
Singular | Plural | Definition | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
UM ➡ A | |||
addendum // дополнение |
addenda |
formal an additional section at the end of a book or document | He had MacKenzie’s report, an addendum to Soviet Naval Command’s. // У него был отчет Маккензи, приложение к докладу советского военно-морского командования. |
agendum // повестка дня |
agenda |
plural a list of items to be discussed at a meeting – в ед.ч. практически не используется | We have a very full agenda of issues to discuss. // У нас очень насыщенная повестка для обсуждения. |
aquarium // аквариум |
aquaria |
a glass tank filled with water, in which people keep fish | In the aquarium the fish swam over my head. // В аквариуме рыбки проплывали у меня над головой. When visiting an aquarium, one can expect to get up close and personal with marine life. // Посещая аквариум, вы можете рассчитывать на близкое знакомство с морскими обитателями. |
atrium // атриум |
atria or atriums |
a central hall in a modern building, typically rising through several stories and having a glazed roof | The full-height glass atrium allows light to flood into the home. // Стеклянный атриум во всю высоту позволяет свету проникать в дом. The atria were linked to a central court in the garden. // Атриумы были соединены с центральным двором в саду Because of the overriding, the walls of the caval vein are attached directly to both atriums, thus producing an interatrial communication. // Из-за переопределения стенки полой вены прикрепляются непосредственно к обоим предсердиям, создавая таким образом межпредсердное сообщение |
bacterium // бактерия |
bacteria |
the simplest and smallest forms of life, often a cause of disease | There are many different strains of this bacterium. // Существует много различных штаммов этой бактерии. Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful bacteria. // Сырое мясо и птица могут содержать вредные бактерии. |
candelabrum // канделябр |
candelabra |
a holder for several candles or lamps | The table complete with an ornate silver candelabrum was set beyond the columns, so that it seemed to be outdoors, yet in. // Стол с богато украшенным серебряным канделябром был установлен за колоннами, так что казалось, что он находится на открытом воздухе, но в то же время внутри. Candles in iron candelabra shed some light. // Свечи в железных канделябрах проливают немного света. |
corrigendum // исправление |
corrigenda |
an error to be corrected | The 1980-84 cumulation contains corrigenda which are not included in the annual volumes. // Сводный отчет за 1980-84 годы содержит исправления, которые не включены в годовые тома. The certified text has attached to it a list of minor textual corrigenda. // К заверенному тексту прилагается список незначительных текстовых исправлений. |
curriculum // учебный план |
curricula |
all the different courses of study that are taught in a school, college, or university | Russian is the one compulsory foreign language on the school curriculum. // Русский язык является единственным обязательным иностранным языком в школьной программе. The inclusion of a wide range of skills in conservatorium curricula would enable music graduates to expand the scope of their performance and non-performance roles. // Включение широкого спектра навыков в учебные программы консерваторий позволило бы выпускникам музыкальных школ расширить сферу своих исполнительских и неисполнительных обязанностей. |
datum // факт |
data |
a single piece of information | The fact is a datum worth taking into account. // Это факт,, который стоит принять во внимание. There is very little data available. // Имеется очень мало данных. |
dictum // изречение |
dicta or dictums (AmE) |
a formal pronouncement from an authoritative source a short statement that expresses a general truth or principle |
The dicta of High Court Judges // Указ судей Верховного суда the old dictum ‘might is right’. // старое изречение «сильный прав» |
erratum // опечатка |
errata |
singular an error in printing or writing // pl. a list of corrected errors appended to a book or published in a subsequent issue of a journal | In tiny letters at the foot of the page were the words ‘erratum: page 49’. // Крошечными буквами внизу страницы были написаны слова «ошибка: страница 49». Though errata and associated correspondence may be published, they may be difficult to locate unless one is a constant reader of the same journal. // Хотя ошибки и связанная с ними корреспонденция могут быть опубликованы, их может быть трудно найти, если только вы не являетесь постоянным читателем одного и того же журнала. |
stratum // слой |
strata |
formal a group of people in it who are similar in their education, income, or social status | It was an enormous task that affected every stratum of society. // Это была огромный вызов, который затронул все слои общества. The rebels came overwhelmingly from the poorest strata of rural society. // Повстанцы в подавляющем большинстве были выходцами из беднейших слоев сельского общества. |
medium // средний |
media |
a means by which something is communicated or expressed | The internet is the modern medium of communication. // Интернет – это современное средство коммуникации. The news media reported extensively on the story. // Средства массовой информации широко освещали эту историю. |
gymnasium // гимназия |
gymnasia |
a classical school preparatory to the universities | Archaeologists say that helmets of this type were ceremonial and used in hippika gymnasia, or cavalry tournaments, rather than battle. // Археологи говорят, что шлемы этого типа были церемониальными и использовались в гимнастических залах хиппика, или кавалерийских турнирах, а не в сражениях. |
maximum // максимум |
maxima |
the greatest or highest amount possible | Production levels are near their maximum. // Уровни производства близки к своему максимуму. An investigation has been undertaken to test the contribution of surfactant precipitation/redissolution on the occurrence of these adsorption maxima. // Было проведено исследование, чтобы проверить влияние осаждения/повторного растворения поверхностно-активных веществ на возникновение этих максимумов адсорбции. |
memorandum // меморандум |
memoranda |
a written message in business or diplomacy | He told them of his decision in a memorandum. // Он сообщил им о своем решении в меморандуме. See memoranda for Counsel // Смотрите меморандумы для адвоката. |
millennium // тысячелетие |
millennia |
formal a period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in ‘000’, for example the period from the year 1000 to the year 2000 | Silver first came into use on a substantial scale during the 3rd millennium bc. // Серебро впервые вошло в обиход в значительных масштабах в 3-м тысячелетии до нашей эры. Over many millennia, the river has created a massive arch in the twisting rock. // За многие тысячелетия река образовала массивную арку в извилистой скале. |
minimum // минимум |
minima |
the least or smallest amount or quantity possible | They checked visas with the minimum of fuss. // Они проверили визы, едва суетясь. There are several methods for finding the minima of a parabola or any function in any dimension. // Существует несколько методов нахождения минимумов параболы или любой функции в любом измерении. |
moratorium // мораторий |
moratoria |
a temporary prohibition of an activity | He announced a moratorium on the building of new power stations. // Он объявил мораторий на строительство новых электростанций. Recently however, two stocks (redfish and cod) were reopened to fishing after a decade long moratoria. // Однако недавно промысел двух видов (окуня и трески) был возобновлен после десятилетнего моратория. |
podium // подиум |
podia |
an footlike organ or structure | Tumor budding and podia formation were both appreciably present in the xenografts. // В ксенотрансплантатах в значительной степени присутствовали как почкование опухоли, так и образование подиумов. |
referendum // референдум |
referenda |
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision | The proposals were put to a referendum. // Эти предложения были вынесены на референдум. If there are referenda, should collective responsibility operate or be suspended on the subject of the referendum? // Если будут проведены референдумы, должна ли действовать коллективная ответственность или она должна быть приостановлена по вопросу референдума? |
spectrum // спектр |
spectra |
a range of a particular type of thing | She’d seen his moods range across the emotional spectrum. // Она видела, что его настроение колеблется по всему эмоциональному спектру. Other antibiotics with broad antibacterial spectra are cephalothin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin, cefamandol, tobramycin, and vancomycin. // Другими антибиотиками с широким антибактериальным спектром являются цефалотин, карбенициллин, амоксициллин, цефамандол, тобрамицин и ванкомицин. |
symposium // симпозиум |
symposia |
a conference in which experts or academics discuss a particular subject | He had been taking part in an international symposium on population. // Он принимал участие в международном симпозиуме по народонаселению. As well as selling shows there are auctions at all the major houses, exhibitions, lectures and symposia. // Помимо выставок-продаж, во всех крупных домах проводятся аукционы, выставки, лекции и симпозиумы. |
US ➡ I | |||
alumnus // выпускник |
alumni |
a graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university | an MSU alumnus // выпускник МГУ The school’s global alumni network helps students to build relationships with alumni advisers at top firms. Глобальная сеть выпускников школы помогает студентам выстраивать отношения с консультантами выпускников в ведущих фирмах. |
bacillus // бацилла |
bacilli |
a disease-causing bacterium | The bacillus was thought to have proliferated in water polluted by sewage. // Считалось, что бацилла размножилась в воде, загрязненной сточными водами. tubercle bacilli // туберкулезные палочки |
cactus // кактус |
cacti |
a thick fleshy plant that grows in many hot, dry parts of the world. Cacti have no leaves and many of them are covered in prickles. | Instead of dense woodlands there was dry thorny scrub, cacti and open bare dusty areas. // Вместо густых лесов здесь был сухой колючий кустарник, кактусы и открытые голые пыльные участки. |
focus // фокус, центр |
foci |
the centre of interest or activity | This generation has made the environment a focus of attention. // Это поколение поставило окружающую среду в центр внимания. Initial computer tomography scan of the brain showed findings of distant metastatic foci. // Первоначальная компьютерная томография головного мозга показала наличие отдаленных очагов метастазирования. |
fungus // грибок |
fungi |
any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools | Truffles are fungi. // Трюфели – это грибы. Elms react to the fungus by sealing off infected areas. // Вязы реагируют на грибок, изолируя зараженные участки. |
genius // джин |
genii |
(in some mythologies) a spirit associated with a particular person, place, or institution | All was useless, the treasure disappeared, and had again reverted to the genii from whom for a moment he had hoped to carry it off. // Все было напрасно; исчезнувшее сокровище снова стало достоянием духов земли, у которых он одно мгновение надеялся похитить его. |
hippopotamus // гиппопотам |
hippopotami |
a large thick-skinned semiaquatic African mammal, with massive jaws and large tusks | Suddenly, a lantern flared and a hippopotamus loomed up in front of them. // Внезапно вспыхнул фонарь, и перед ними возник бегемот. Thus, baldness was treated with the fat of potent predators, such as lions, crocodiles, and hippopotami. // Таким образом, облысение лечили жиром сильных хищников, таких как львы, крокодилы и гиппопотамы. |
locus // местоположение |
loci |
a particular position or place where something occurs or is situated | It is impossible to specify the exact locus in the brain of these neural events. // Невозможно определить точное местоположение в мозге этих нейронных событий. In this report, we describe a combination of congenic mapping and ˈaliːl allele-specific alteration analysis of the loci on chromosome 7. // В этом отчете мы описываем комбинацию конгениального картирования и аллель-специфического анализа изменений локусов на хромосоме 7. |
radius // радиус |
radii |
a straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle or sphere | There are plenty of local pubs within a two-mile radius. // В радиусе двух миль находится множество местных пабов. Measurements discussed include unidirectional and bidirectional dimensions, radii ˈreɪdɪʌɪ of cylinders, fit point deviations of the fitted shapes and cylindricity. // Обсуждаемые измерения включают однонаправленные и двунаправленные размеры, радиусы цилиндров, отклонения в точках подгонки подогнанных форм и цилиндричность. |
narcissus // нарцисс |
narcissi |
a plant that appear in the spring and has yellow or white flowers with cone-shaped centres | Rain was kaˈskeɪd cascading from the gutter on to the flower bed, flattening the daffodils and narcissi. // Дождь струился из водосточной трубы на цветочную клумбу, прижимая одуванчики и нарциссы к земле. |
stimulus // стимул |
stimuli |
a thing that arouses activity or energy in someone or something; a spur or incentive | areas of the brain which respond to auditory stimuli // области мозга, которые реагируют на слуховые раздражители The approval of others is a potent stimulus. // Одобрение других – мощный стимул. |
syllabus // учебный план |
syllabi |
the subjects in a course of study or teaching | There isn’t time to cover the syllabus. // У нас нет времени изучать программу. Syllabi also provide an opportunity to understand course requirements for data literacy. // Учебные программы также дают возможность понять требования курса к информационной грамотности. |
terminus // конечная станция |
termini |
mainly British the end of a railway or other transport route, or a station at such a point; a terminal | I must try making the same experiment at the railway terminus in Sydney. // Я должен попробовать провести такой же эксперимент на железнодорожном вокзале в Сиднее. In fact, redundant fortifications near the town centre made useful land for new railway termini. // Фактически, избыточные укрепления вблизи центра города сделали пригодной землю для строительства новых железнодорожных терминалов. |
ON ➡ A | |||
automaton // автомат |
automata |
a moving mechanical device made in imitation of a human being | Like an automaton, she walked to the door. // Как автомат, она направилась к двери. a collection of 19th century French automata: acrobats, clowns, and musicians. // коллекция французских автоматов 19-го века: акробаты, клоуны и музыканты. |
phenomenon // феномен |
phenomena |
a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen | The band was a pop phenomenon just for their sales figures alone. // Группа была поп-феноменом только из-за своих показателей продаж. Glaciers are interesting natural phenomena. // Ледники – интересное природное явление. |
ON ➡ AE | |||
formula // формула |
formulas /formulae |
a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols | The formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor. // Формула для определения емкости сферического конденсатора. She couldn’t identify the glue formulae, which were too similar to isolate any single box company. // Она не смогла идентифицировать формулы клея, которые были слишком похожи, чтобы выделить какую-либо отдельную компанию по производству коробок. |
alga // водоросль |
algae |
a simple, non-flowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms | It is a partnership between an alga and a fungus. // Это партнерство между водорослью и грибом. He took the pole which had a net on the end of it and started to skim the algae off the surface of the water. // Он взял шест, на конце которого была сеть, и начал счищать водоросли с поверхности воды. |
antenna // антенна |
antennae / antennas |
The antennae of something such as an insect or crustacean are the two long, thin parts attached to its head that it uses to feel things with | Bugs use their antennae to detect blood heat. BUT Antennas around the top of the ship pick up the radar signals. // Жуки используют свои антенны для определения температуры крови. НО антенны на верхней части корабля улавливают сигналы радара. |
larva // личинка |
larvae |
an insect at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and before it changes into its adult form | …a dragonfly larva // ..личинка стрекозы The eggs quickly hatch into larvae. // Из яиц быстро вылупляются личинки. |
nebula // туманность |
nebulae (astronomy) / nebulas (medicine) |
a cloud of dust and gas in space. New stars are produced from nebulae | The Great Nebula // Великая туманность. He told me about nebulae, towering clouds of luminous gas which float through space like vast jellyfish. // Он рассказал мне о туманностях, высоких облаках светящегося газа, которые плывут в космосе подобно огромным медузам. |
vertebra // позвонок |
vertebrae |
each of the series of small bones forming the | She crushed a vertebra in a fall at Chepstow. // Она сломала позвонок при падении в Чепстоу. The needle is inserted between two of the vertebrae. // Игла вводится между двумя позвонками. |
EX ➡ XES, CES | |||
apex (usually singular) // верхушка |
apexes |
the top or highest part of something, especially one forming a point | The living room extends right up into the apex of the roof. // Гостиная простирается до самого верха крыши. The apex of his career was when he hoisted aloft the World Cup. // Вершиной его карьеры стал момент, когда он поднял в воздух Кубок мира. |
index // индекс |
indexes / indices |
a sign or measure of something | stock-market indices // индексы фондового рынка house price indexes // индексы цен на жилье The oral hygiene index was calculated as the sum of the debris and calculus indices. // Индекс гигиены полости рта рассчитывался как сумма показателей остатков и зубного камня. |
vortex // вихрь |
vortices or vortexes |
a whirling mass of fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind | They were caught up in a whirling vortex of emotion. // Они были захвачены бурлящим водоворотом эмоций. This decision propelled her into a vortex from which there seemed no escape. // Это решение завлекло ее в водоворот, из которого, казалось, не было выхода. The polar vortex is a system of wintertime winds. // Полярный вихрь – это система зимних ветров. |
IES ➡ IES | |||
series // серия |
series |
a number of events, objects, or people of a similar or related kind coming one after another | He gave a series of lectures on modern art. // Он прочитал цикл лекций по современному искусству. The current series is incredibly popular with younger viewers. // Он прочитал цикл лекций по современному искусству. |
species // вид |
species |
a class of plants or animals whose members have the same main characteristics and are able to breed with each other. | Pandas are an endangered species. // Панды – вымирающий вид. There are several thousand species of trees here. // Здесь произрастает несколько тысяч видов деревьев. |
IS ➡ ES | |||
analysis // анализ |
analyses |
detailed examination of the elements or structure of something | They carried out an in-depth analysis of the results. // Они провели углубленный анализ полученных результатов. Of course, all three analyses cannot be equally valid. // Конечно, все три анализа не могут быть одинаково достоверными. |
axis // ось |
axes |
an imaginary line about which a body rotates | The Earth revolves on its axis once every 24 hours. // Земля вращается вокруг своей оси раз в 24 часа. A temporary thaw is actually good news, melting and refreezing the snow to make it more amenable to ice axes. // Временная оттепель на самом деле является хорошей новостью: снег тает и повторно замораживается, чтобы сделать его более податливым для ледорубов. |
basis // основа |
bases |
the underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process | Trust is the only basis for a good working relationship. // Доверие – единственная основа для хороших рабочих отношений. Circles of dead leaves and gray mulch surrounded the bases of the giant oak trees. // Круги из опавших листьев и серой мульчи окружали основания гигантских дубов. |
crisis // кризис |
crises |
a time of intense difficulty or danger | With competition from cheap imports, the British coal industry is facing a serious crisis. //В условиях конкуренции со стороны дешевого импорта британская угольная промышленность сталкивается с серьезным кризисом. Over the years they had been through a lot of crises together, and she loved him dearly. // За эти годы они вместе пережили множество кризисов, и она нежно любила его. |
diagnosis // диагноз |
diagnoses |
the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms | Without the results of the blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative diagnosis. // Без результатов анализа крови врач мог поставить лишь предварительный диагноз. They then compared these predictions with the actual number of diagnoses recorded during this period. // Затем они сравнили эти прогнозы с фактическим количеством диагнозов, зарегистрированных за этот период. |
ellipsis // эллипсис (опущение) |
ellipses |
the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues | It is very rare for an ellipsis to occur without a linguistic antecedent. // Очень редко эллипсис встречается без предварительного упоминание предмета в словесной форме. Here, ellipses and dashes create and allow space for an acknowledgement of what is inherent. // Здесь эллипсисы и тире образуют пространство для подтверждения того, что подразумевается. |
hypothesis // гипотеза |
hypotheses |
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation | It is possible to make a hypothesis on the basis of this graph. // На основе этого графика можно выдвинуть гипотезу. A number of hypotheses have been put forward. // Был выдвинут ряд гипотез. |
oasis // оазис |
oases |
a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found; a pleasant or peaceful area or period in the midst of a difficult or hectic place or situation | a country of oases and burning desert sands. // страна оазисов и горящих пустынных песков The park is an oasis of calm in the centre of the city. // Парк является оазисом спокойствия в центре города. |
paralysis // паралич |
paralyses |
the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury | Political paralyses. // политический застой The snake’s venom induces instant paralysis. // Яд змеи вызывает мгновенный паралич. |
parenthesis // вводная конструкция (ед.ч.), круглые скобки (мн.ч.) |
parentheses |
sing. a word or phrase inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage which is grammatically complete without it, in writing usually marked off by brackets, dashes, or commas; pl. a pair of round brackets ( ) used to mark off a parenthetical word or phrase | In a challenging parenthesis, Wordsworth comments on the evil effects of contemporary developments. // В сложной вводной конструкции Вордсворт комментирует губительные последствия современных событий. In parenthesis I should say that I am passing quickly over the significance of these matters. // Кстати должен сказать, что лишь вскользь упоминаю значение этих вопросов. |
synopsis // краткое содержание |
synopses |
a brief summary or general survey of something | A synopsis of the insurance cover provided is set out below. // Синопсис предоставленного страхового покрытия приведен ниже. Most of these life synopses follow a straightforward template, with the first paragraph spelling out the bare facts. // Большинство из этих жизненных синопсисов следуют простому шаблону, причем в первом абзаце излагаются голые факты. |
synthesis // синтез |
syntheses |
the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole | the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work // Синтез интеллекта и эмоций в его творениях. Although these companies may be willing to attempt some of the more difficult syntheses, this is not their major focus. // Хотя эти компании, возможно, захотят попробовать некоторые из более сложных синтезов, это не является их основным направлением. |
thesis // диссертация |
theses |
statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved | His central thesis is that psychological life is not part of the material world. // Главное положение его диссертации заключается в том, что психологическая жизнь не является частью материального мира. Theses became books, published by university presses and bought by their libraries. // Тезисы стали книгами, издававшимися университетскими изданиями и купленными их библиотеками. |
O ➡ OS | |||
cockatoo // какаду |
cockatoos |
a parrot with an erectile crest, found in Australia, eastern Indonesia, and neighbouring islands | Cockatoos are monogamous and nest in tree hollows. // Какаду моногамны и гнездятся в впадинах деревьев. |
kangaroo // кенгуру |
kangaroos |
a large plant-eating marsupial with a long powerful tail and strongly developed hindlimbs that enable it to travel by leaping, found only in Australia and New Guinea | Kangaroos can jump immense distances. // Кенгуру могут прыгать огромные расстояния. |
zoo // зоопарк |
zoos |
an establishment which maintains a collection of wild animals, typically in a park or gardens, for study, conservation, or display to the public | People have recently taken a negative view of safari parks and zoos, but I think they have a tremendously important role to play. // В последнее время люди негативно относятся к сафари-паркам и зоопаркам, но я думаю, что они должны сыграть чрезвычайно важную роль. |
armadillo // броненосец |
armadillos |
an American animal with a hard shell made of pieces of bone | Other animals at home there include the giant armadillo, giant anteater, giant otter and jaguar. // Другие животные дома включают гигантского броненосца, гигантского муравьеда, гигантскую выдру и ягуара. |
avocado // авокадо |
avocados |
a salad of avocados and oranges. // Салат из авокадо и апельсинов. serve with slices of avocado. // Подавать с ломтиками авокадо. |
|
banjo // банджо |
banjos |
a musical instrument that looks like a guitar with a circular body, a long neck, and four or more strings | By 10 he was playing the guitar and the banjo and had written his first song. // К 10 он играл на гитаре и банджо и написал свою первую песню. |
bistro // бистро |
bistros |
a small, relatively simple restaurant, especially one offering French or French-style food | The bistro offers a more relaxed setting for dining. // Бистро предлагает более непринужденную обстановку для ужина. |
calypso // калипсо |
calypsos |
a calypso song | A man was playing a calypso on a double bass. // Мужчина играл калипсо на контрабасе. |
cargo // груз |
cargoes (North American English also cargos) |
goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle | a cargo of oil. // груз с нефтью The ship stopped to take on a cargo of fruit. // Корабль остановился, чтобы забрать груз с фруктами. |
casino // казино |
casinos |
a public room or building where gambling games are played | All gaming in the casino was suspended. // Все игры в казино были приостановлены. Vast areas of land behind the casinos and hotels are vacant lots where once family and holiday houses abounded. // Обширные участки земли за казино и отелями – это свободные участки, где когда-то было много семей и домов отдыха. |
contralto // контральто |
contraltos |
a woman with a low singing voice | The score calls for a contralto. // Счет требует контральто. |
dynamo // динамо |
dynamos |
a device that uses the movement of a machine or vehicle to produce electricity; informal an extremely energetic person | She was a dynamo in London politics. // Она была динамо в лондонской политике. In a dynamo, the mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy in the form of a current in the armature. // В динамо механическая энергия вращения преобразуется в электрическую энергию в виде тока в арматуре. |
ego // эго |
egos |
a person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance | He had a massive ego; never would he admit he was wrong. // У него было огромное эго; он бы никогда не признал, что ошибался. These two are beginning not only to think like each other but like each other’s alter egos. // Эти двое начинают не только думать похоже, но и влюбляться в альтер-эго друг друга. |
folio // фолио |
folios |
a book made with paper of a large size, used especially in the early centuries of European printing | He went to the office and returned with a large folio which he set on the table. // Он пошел в офис и вернулся с большим фолио, который он поставил на стол. He opened his briefcase and brought out two folios of glossy photographs. // Он открыл свой портфель и достал два фолио глянцевых фотографий. |
hippo // бегемот |
hippos |
hippopotamus | Not a big problem usually – but we soon noticed we were surrounded by grumpy hippos. // Обычно это не большая проблема, но вскоре мы заметили, что нас окружают неуклюжие бегемоты. |
radio // радио |
radios |
There were calls for cab radios to link train drivers and signal boxes. // Прозвучали призывы к радиоприемникам связывать машинистов поездов и сигнальных ящиков. All the rooms have a satellite television and digital radio. // Во всех номерах есть спутниковое телевидение и цифровое радио. |
|
ratio // соотношение |
ratios |
In 1978 there were 884 students at a lecturer/student ratio of 1:15. // В 1978 году было 884 студента в соотношении преподавателей и студентов 1:15. A stronger economy would reduce some of the political pressures on governments by easing fiscal pressures and improving debt ratios. // Более сильная экономика уменьшит некоторое политическое давление на правительства за счет ослабления финансового давления и улучшения коэффициента задолженности. |
|
pistachio // фисташка |
pistachios |
small, green, edible nuts | Stir in the ground almonds and chopped pistachios. // Перемешайте молотый миндаль и нарезанные фисташки. |
portfolio // портфолио |
portfolios |
a large, thin, flat case for loose sheets of paper such as drawings or maps | Under his arm he carried a large portfolio of drawings. // Под мышкой он нес большое портфолио рисунков. |
studio // студия |
studios |
a room where an artist, photographer, sculptor, etc. works | The Department of Music has a professional recording studio. // На кафедре музыки есть профессиональная студия звукозаписи. The broadcasts will be transmitted from the Middlesbrough studios. // Трансляции будут вестись из студий Мидлсбро. |
weirdo // чудак |
weirdos |
a person whose dress or behaviour seems strange or eccentric | The streets are dangerous and there are too many weirdos around. // Улицы опасны, и вокруг слишком много чудаков. |
rhino ˈrʌɪnəʊ // носорог |
rhinos |
a rhinoceros | The safari thrill of seeing an elephant or rhino unexpectedly lumber into view is also missing. // Острые ощущения от сафари, когда слон или носорог неожиданно видят пиломатериалы, также отсутствуют. Thankfully, no lions or rhinos came quite that close. // К счастью, ни львы, ни носороги не подошли так близко. |
flamingo // фламинго |
flamingos (or flamingoes) |
a bird with pink feathers, long thin legs, a long neck, and a curved beak | Before turning inland we passed pink flamingos stalking the salty shallows. // Прежде чем повернуть вглубь страны, мы прошли мимо розовых фламинго, преследуя соленые мелководья. |
O ➡ OS, OES | |||
lasso // лассо |
lassos or lassoes |
a long rope with a loop at one end, used especially by cowboys for catching cattle | He rides with cowboys and tries rounding up cattle with a lasso. // Он едет с ковбоями и пытается собрать крупный рогатый скот с помощью лассо. |
tornado // торнадо |
tornados or tornadoes |
a violent wind storm consisting of a tall column of air which spins round very fast and causes a lot of damage | The building was badly damaged in a tornado. // Здание было сильно повреждено во время торнадо. More storms and tornados are expected this weekend. // В эти выходные ожидается больше штормов и торнадо. Freak weather, including hurricanes and tornados, becomes more common. // Аномальная погода, включая ураганы и торнадо, становится все более распространенной. |
grotto // грот |
grottoes or grottos |
a small picturesque cave, especially an artificial one in a park or garden | An elegant swan wandered around the grotto flapping its wings at the mosquitos. // Изящный лебедь тихо плавал по гроту, хлопая крыльями по комарам. |
innuendo // инсинуация |
innuendoes or innuendos |
an allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one | She’s always making sly innuendoes. // Она вечно делает мерзкие намеки. a constant torrent of innuendo, gossip, lies, and half-truths. // Постоянный поток намеков, сплетен, лжи и полуправд. |
mango // манго |
mangoes or mangos |
a fleshy, oval, yellowish-red tropical fruit | Peel the mango and slice it into the blender. // Очистите манго и нарежьте его на блендер. Avoid too many sweet fruits; mango, pineapple and melon are full of sugar. // Избегайте слишком большого количества сладких фруктов; манго, ананас и дыня полны сахара. |
volcano: volcanoes or volcanos // вулкан |
volcanoes (or volcanos) |
a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth’s crust | It is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, and one of its most accessible. // Это один из самых активных вулканов в мире и один из самых доступных. |
stiletto // каблук |
stilettos (or stilettoes) |
a woman’s shoe with a thin, high tapering heel | The rapid click of stilettos on pavement. // цокот шпилек по тротуару |
O ➡ OES | |||
dingo // динго |
dingoes |
a wild or half-domesticated dog with a sandy-coloured coat, found in Australia | |
embargo // эмбарго |
embargoes |
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country | an embargo on grain sales | an arms embargo. // Эмбарго на продажу зерна | эмбарго на поставки оружия. |
hero // герой |
heroes |
a person who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities: | a war hero // герой войны “To us,” Pet once said, “they were heroes, young gods.” // «Для нас, однажды сказал Пэт, – они были героями, молодыми богами». |
motto // девиз |
mottoes |
Music a phrase which recurs throughout a musical work and has some symbolical significance | They were developing the use of leitmotifs or mottoes that appear throughout an opera. // Они развивали использование мотивов, которые появляются во всей опере. |
potato // картофель |
potatoes |
Potatoes are quite round vegetables with brown or red skins and white insides. They grow under the ground. | roast potatoes // жареный картофель |
veto // вето |
vetoes |
a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a lawmaking body | The Opposition effectively have a veto on constitutional reform. // Оппозиция фактически наложила вето на конституционную реформу. |
torpedo // торпеда |
torpedoes |
a bomb that is shaped like a tube and that travels under water | The latter practice may have raised morale, but drastically shortened the torpedoes’ range. // Последняя практика, возможно, повысила моральный дух, но резко сократила дальность торпед. |
domino // домино |
dominoes |
Dominoes are small rectangular blocks marked with two groups of spots on one side | Everyone will fall over like a row of dominoes. // Все упадут, как ряд домино. |
echo // эхо |
echoes |
a sound or sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the listener | The walls threw back the echoes of his footsteps. // Стены отражали эхо его шагов. He listened and heard nothing but the echoes of his own voice in the cave. // Он слушал и не слышал ничего, кроме эхо собственного голоса в пещере. |
UM ➡ A
addendum // приложение
Plural:
Definition: formal an additional section at the end of a book or document
Examples: He had MacKenzie’s report, an addendum to Soviet Naval Command’s.
agendum // повестка дня
Plural: agenda
Definition: plural a list of items to be discussed at a meeting – в ед.ч. практически не используется
Examples: We have a very full agenda of issues to discuss.
aquarium // аквариум
Plural: aquaria
Definition: a glass tank filled with water, in which people keep fish
Examples: In the aquarium the fish swam over my head.
When visiting an aquarium, one can expect to get up close and personal with marine life.
atrium // Атриум
Plural: atria
Definition: a central hall in a modern building, typically rising through several stories and having a glazed roof
Examples: The full-height glass atrium allows light to flood into the home.
The atria were linked to a central court in the garden.
Because of the overriding, the walls of the caval vein are attached directly to both atriums, thus producing an interatrial communication.
bacterium // бактерия
Plural: bacteria
Definition: the simplest and smallest forms of life, often a cause of disease
Examples: There are many different strains of this bacterium.
Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful bacteria.
candelabrum // канделябр
Plural: candelabra
Definition: a holder for several candles or lamps
Examples: The table complete with an ornate silver candelabrum was set beyond the columns, so that it seemed to be outdoors, yet in.
Candles in iron candelabra shed some light.
corrigendum // исправление
Plural: corrigenda
Definition: an error to be corrected
Examples: The 1980-84 cumulation contains corrigenda which are not included in the annual volumes.
The certified text has attached to it a list of minor textual corrigenda.
curriculum // учебный план
Plural: curricula
Definition: all the different courses of study that are taught in a school, college, or university
Examples: Russian is the one compulsory foreign language on the school curriculum.
The inclusion of a wide range of skills in conservatorium curricula would enable music graduates to expand the scope of their performance and non-performance roles.
datum // факт
Plural: data
Definition: a single piece of information
Examples: The fact is a datum worth taking into account.
There is very little data available.
dictum // изречение
Plural: dicta
Definition: a formal pronouncement from an authoritative source a short statement that expresses a general truth or principle
Examples: The dicta of High Court Judges
the old dictum ‘might is right’
erratum // опечатка
Plural: errata
Definition: sing. an error in printing or writing // pl. a list of corrected errors appended to a book or published in a subsequent issue of a journal.
Examples: In tiny letters at the foot of the page were the words ‘erratum: page 49’.
Though errata and associated correspondence may be published, they may be difficult to locate unless one is a constant reader of the same journal.
stratum // слой
Plural: strata
Definition: formal a group of people in it who are similar in their education, income, or social status
Examples: It was an enormous task that affected every stratum of society.
The rebels came overwhelmingly from the poorest strata of rural society.
medium // средний
Plural: media
Definition: a means by which something is communicated or expressed
Examples: The internet is the modern medium of communication.
The news media reported extensively on the story.
gymnasium // гимназия
Plural: gymnasia
Definition: a classical school preparatory to the universities
Examples: Archaeologists say that helmets of this type were ceremonial and used in hippika gymnasia, or cavalry tournaments, rather than battle.
maximum // максимальный
Plural: maxima
Definition: the greatest or highest amount possible
Examples: Production levels are near their maximum.
An investigation has been undertaken to test the contribution of surfactant precipitation/redissolution on the occurrence of these adsorption maxima.
memorandum // меморандум
Plural: memoranda
Definition: a written message in business or diplomacy
Examples: He told them of his decision in a memorandum.
See memoranda for Counsel
millennium // тысячелетие
Plural: millennia
Definition: formal a period of one thousand years, especially one which begins and ends with a year ending in ‘000’, for example the period from the year 1000 to the year 2000
Examples: Silver first came into use on a substantial scale during the 3rd millennium bc.
Over many millennia, the river has created a massive arch in the twisting rock.
minimum // минимум
Plural: minima
Definition: the least or smallest amount or quantity possible
Examples: They checked visas with the minimum of fuss.
There are several methods for finding the minima of a parabola or any function in any dimension.
moratorium // мораторий
Plural: moratoria
Definition: a temporary prohibition of an activity
Examples: He announced a moratorium on the building of new power stations.
Recently however, two stocks (redfish and cod) were reopened to fishing after a decade long moratoria.
podium // подиум
Plural: podia
Definition: the terminal part of a vertebrate limb
Examples: Tumor budding and podia formation were both appreciably present in the xenografts.
referendum // референдум
Plural: referenda
Definition: a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision
Examples: The proposals were put to a referendum.
If there are referenda, should collective responsibility operate or be suspended on the subject of the referendum?
spectrum // спектр
Plural: spectra
Definition: a range of a particular type of thing
Examples: She’d seen his moods range across the emotional spectrum.
Other antibiotics with broad antibacterial spectra are cephalothin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin, cefamandol, tobramycin, and vancomycin.
symposium
Plural: symposia
Definition: a conference in which experts or academics discuss a particular subject
Examples: He had been taking part in an international symposium on population.
As well as selling shows there are auctions at all the major houses, exhibitions, lectures and symposia.
US ➡ I
alumnus // выпускник
Plural: alumni
Definition: a graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university
Examples: an MSU alumnus // выпускник МГУ
The school’s global alumni network helps students to build relationships with alumni advisers at top firms.
Глобальная сеть выпускников школы помогает студентам выстраивать отношения с консультантами выпускников в ведущих фирмах.
bacillus // бацилла
Plural: bacilli
Definition: a disease-causing bacterium
Examples: The bacillus was thought to have proliferated in water polluted by sewage.
tubercle bacilli
cactus // кактус
Plural: cacti
Definition: a thick fleshy plant that grows in many hot, dry parts of the world. Cacti have no leaves and many of them are covered in prickles.
Examples: Instead of dense woodlands there was dry thorny scrub, cacti and open bare dusty areas.
focus // фокус, центр
Plural: foci
Definition: the centre of interest or activity
Examples: This generation has made the environment a focus of attention.
Initial computer tomography scan of the brain showed findings of distant metastatic foci.
fungus // грибок
Plural: fungi
Definition: any of a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including moulds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools
Examples: Truffles are fungi.
Elms react to the fungus by sealing off infected areas.
genius // джин
Plural: genii
Definition: (in some mythologies) a spirit associated with a particular person, place, or institution.
Examples: All was useless, the treasure disappeared, and had again reverted to the genii from whom for a moment he had hoped to carry it off.
Все было напрасно; исчезнувшее сокровище снова стало достоянием духов земли, у которых он одно мгновение надеялся похитить его.
hippopotamus // гиппопотам
Plural: hippopotami
Definition: a large thick-skinned semiaquatic African mammal, with massive jaws and large tusks.
Examples: Suddenly, a lantern flared and a hippopotamus loomed up in front of them.
Thus, baldness was treated with the fat of potent predators, such as lions, crocodiles, and hippopotami.
locus // расположение
Plural: loci
Definition: a particular position or place where something occurs or is situated
Examples: It is impossible to specify the exact locus in the brain of these neural events.
In this report, we describe a combination of congenic mapping and ˈaliːl allele-specific alteration analysis of the loci on chromosome 7.
radius // радиус
Plural: radii
Definition: a straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle or sphere.
Examples: There are plenty of local pubs within a two-mile radius.
Measurements discussed include unidirectional and bidirectional dimensions, radii ˈreɪdɪʌɪ of cylinders, fit point deviations of the fitted shapes and cylindricity.
narcissus // нарцисс
Plural: narcissi
Definition: a plant that appear in the spring and has yellow or white flowers with cone-shaped centres
Examples: Rain was kaˈskeɪd cascading from the gutter on to the flower bed, flattening the daffodils and narcissi.
stimulus // стимул
Plural: stimuli
Definition: a thing that arouses activity or energy in someone or something; a spur or incentive
Examples: areas of the brain which respond to auditory stimuli
The approval of others is a potent stimulus.
syllabus // учебный план
Plural: syllabi
Definition: the subjects in a course of study or teaching
Examples: There isn’t time to cover the syllabus.
Syllabi also provide an opportunity to understand course requirements for data literacy.
terminus // конечная станция
Plural: termini
Definition: mainly British the end of a railway or other transport route, or a station at such a point; a terminal
Examples: I must try making the same experiment at the railway terminus in Sydney.
In fact, redundant fortifications near the town centre made useful land for new railway termini.
ON ➡ A
automaton // автомат
Plural: automata
Definition: a moving mechanical device made in imitation of a human being
Examples: Like an automaton, she walked to the door.
a collection of 19th century French automata: acrobats, clowns, and musicians.
phenomenon // феномен
Plural: phenomena
Definition: a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen
Examples: The band was a pop phenomenon just for their sales figures alone.
Glaciers are interesting natural phenomena.
ON ➡ AE
formula // формула
Plural: formulas
Definition: a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols
Examples: The formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor.
She couldn’t identify the glue formulae, which were too similar to isolate any single box company.
alga // водоросль
Plural: algae
Definition: a simple, non-flowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms
Examples: It is a partnership between an alga and a fungus.
He took the pole which had a net on the end of it and started to skim the algae off the surface of the water.
antenna // антенна
Plural: antennae
Definition: a simple, non-flowering, and typically aquatic plant of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled forms
Examples: Bugs use their antennae to detect blood heat.
BUT Antennas around the top of the ship pick up the radar signals.
larva // личинка
Plural: larvae
Definition: an insect at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and before it changes into its adult form.
Examples: …a dragonfly larva
The eggs quickly hatch into larvae.
nebula // туманность
Plural: nebulae
Definition: a cloud of dust and gas in space. New stars are produced from nebulae
Examples: ..the Great Nebula.
He told me about nebulae, towering clouds of luminous gas which float through space like vast jellyfish.
vertebra // позвонок
Plural: vertebrae
Definition: each of the series of small bones forming the backbone
Examples: She crushed a vertebra in a fall at Chepstow.
The needle is inserted between two of the vertebrae.
EX ➡ XES, CES
apex (usually singular) // верхушка
Plural: apexes
Definition: the top or highest part of something, especially one forming a point
Examples: The living room extends right up into the apex of the roof.
The apex of his career was when he hoisted aloft the World Cup.
index // индекс
Plural: indexes
Definition: a sign or measure of something
Examples: stock-market indices.
house price indexes.
The oral hygiene index was calculated as the sum of the debris and calculus indices.
vortex // вихревой
Plural: vortices
Definition: a whirling mass of fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind
Examples: They were caught up in a whirling vortex of emotion.
This decision propelled her into a vortex from which there seemed no escape.
The polar vortex is a system of wintertime winds.
IES ➡ IES
series // серии
Plural: series
Definition: a number of events, objects, or people of a similar or related kind coming one after another
Examples: He gave a series of lectures on modern art.
The current series is incredibly popular with younger viewers.
species // вид
Plural: species
Definition: a class of plants or animals whose members have the same main characteristics and are able to breed with each other.
Examples: Pandas are an endangered species.
There are several thousand species of trees here.
IS ➡ ES
analysis // анализ
Plural: analyses
Definition: detailed examination of the elements or structure of something
Examples: They carried out an in-depth analysis of the results.
Of course, all three analyses cannot be equally valid.
axis // ось
Plural: axes
Definition: an imaginary line about which a body rotates
Examples: The Earth revolves on its axis once every 24 hours.
A temporary thaw is actually good news, melting and refreezing the snow to make it more amenable to ice axes.
basis // основа
Plural: bases
Definition: the underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process
Examples: Trust is the only basis for a good working relationship.
Circles of dead leaves and gray mulch surrounded the bases of the giant oak trees.
crisis // кризис
Plural: crises
Definition: a time of intense difficulty or danger
Examples: With competition from cheap imports, the British coal industry is facing a serious crisis.
Over the years they had been through a lot of crises together, and she loved him dearly.
diagnosis // диагноз
Plural: diagnoses
Definition: the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms
Examples: Without the results of the blood test, the doctor could only make a tentative diagnosis.
They then compared these predictions with the actual number of diagnoses recorded during this period.
ellipsis // эллипсис (опущение)
Plural: ellipses
Definition: the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues
Examples: It is very rare for an ellipsis to occur without a linguistic antecedent.
Here, ellipses and dashes create and allow space for an acknowledgement of what is inherent.
hypothesis // гипотеза
Plural: hypotheses
Definition: a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
Examples: It is possible to make a hypothesis on the basis of this graph.
A number of hypotheses have been put forward.
oasis // оазис
Plural: oases
Definition: a fertile spot in a desert, where water is found; a pleasant or peaceful area or period in the midst of a difficult or hectic place or situation
Examples: a country of oases and burning desert sands.
The park is an oasis of calm in the centre of the city.
paralysis // паралич
Plural: paralyses
Definition: the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury
Examples: Political paralyses.
The snake’s venom induces instant paralysis.
parenthesis // вводная конструкция (ед.ч), круглые скобки (мн.ч.)
Plural: parentheses
Definition: sing. a word or phrase inserted as an explanation or afterthought into a passage which is grammatically complete without it, in writing usually marked off by brackets, dashes, or commas; pl. a pair of round brackets ( ) used to mark off a parenthetical word or phrase
Examples: In a challenging parenthesis, Wordsworth comments on the evil effects of contemporary developments.
In parenthesis I should say that I am passing quickly over the significance of these matters.
synopsis // краткое содержание
Plural: synopses
Definition: a brief summary or general survey of something
Examples: A synopsis of the insurance cover provided is set out below.
Most of these life synopses follow a straightforward template, with the first paragraph spelling out the bare facts.
synthesis // синтез
Plural: syntheses
Definition: the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole
Examples: the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work.
Although these companies may be willing to attempt some of the more difficult syntheses, this is not their major focus.
thesis // Ддиссертация
Plural: theses
Definition: statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved
Examples: His central thesis is that psychological life is not part of the material world.
Theses became books, published by university presses and bought by their libraries.
O ➡ OS
cockatoo // какаду
Plural: cockatoos
Definition: a parrot with an erectile crest, found in Australia, eastern Indonesia, and neighbouring islands
Examples: Cockatoos are monogamous and nest in tree hollows.
kangaroo // кенгуру
Plural: kangaroos
Definition: a large plant-eating marsupial with a long powerful tail and strongly developed hindlimbs that enable it to travel by leaping, found only in Australia and New Guinea
Examples: Kangaroos can jump immense distances.
zoo // зоопарк
Plural: zoos
Definition: an establishment which maintains a collection of wild animals, typically in a park or gardens, for study, conservation, or display to the public
Examples: People have recently taken a negative view of safari parks and zoos, but I think they have a tremendously important role to play.
armadillo // броненосец
Plural: armadillos
Definition: an American animal with a hard shell made of pieces of bone
Examples: Other animals at home there include the giant armadillo, giant anteater, giant otter and jaguar.
avocado // авокадо
Plural: avocados
Examples: a salad of avocados and oranges.
serve with slices of avocado.
banjo // банджо
Plural: banjos
Definition: a musical instrument that looks like a guitar with a circular body, a long neck, and four or more strings
Examples: By 10 he was playing the guitar and the banjo and had written his first song.
bistro // бистро
Plural: bistros
Definition: a small, relatively simple restaurant, especially one offering French or French-style food
Examples: The bistro offers a more relaxed setting for dining.
calypso // калипсо
Plural: calypsos
Definition: a calypso song
Examples: A man was playing a calypso on a double bass.
cargo // груз
Plural: cargoes (North American English also cargos)
Definition: goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle
Examples: a cargo of oil.
The ship stopped to take on a cargo of fruit.
casino // казино
Plural: casinos
Definition: a public room or building where gambling games are played
Examples: All gaming in the casino was suspended.
Vast areas of land behind the casinos and hotels are vacant lots where once family and holiday houses abounded.
contralto // контральто
Plural: contraltos
Definition: a woman with a low singing voice
Examples: The score calls for a contralto.
dynamo // динамо
Plural: dynamos
Definition: a device that uses the movement of a machine or vehicle to produce electricity; informal an extremely energetic person
Examples: She was a dynamo in London politics.
In a dynamo, the mechanical energy of rotation is converted into electrical energy in the form of a current in the armature.
ego // эго
Plural: egos
Definition: a person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance
Examples: He had a massive ego; never would he admit he was wrong.
These two are beginning not only to think like each other but like each other’s alter egos.
folio // фолио
Plural: folios
Definition: a book made with paper of a large size, used especially in the early centuries of European printing
Examples: He went to the office and returned with a large folio which he set on the table.
He opened his briefcase and brought out two folios of glossy photographs.
hippo // бегемот
Plural: hippos
Definition: hippopotamus
Examples: Not a big problem usually – but we soon noticed we were surrounded by grumpy hippos.
radio // радио
Plural: radios
Examples: There were calls for cab radios to link train drivers and signal boxes.
All the rooms have a satellite television and digital radio.
ratio // соотношение
Plural: ratios
Examples: In 1978 there were 884 students at a lecturer/student ratio of 1:15.
A stronger economy would reduce some of the political pressures on governments by easing fiscal pressures and improving debt ratios.
pistachio // фисташка
Plural: pistachios
Definition: small, green, edible nuts
Examples: Stir in the ground almonds and chopped pistachios.
portfolio // портфолио
Plural: portfolios
Definition: a large, thin, flat case for loose sheets of paper such as drawings or maps
Examples: Under his arm he carried a large portfolio of drawings.
studio // студия
Plural: studios
Definition: a room where an artist, photographer, sculptor, etc. works
Examples: The Department of Music has a professional recording studio.
The broadcasts will be transmitted from the Middlesbrough studios.
weirdo // чудак
Plural: weirdos
Definition: a person whose dress or behaviour seems strange or eccentric
Examples: The streets are dangerous and there are too many weirdos around.
rhino // носорог
Plural: rhinos
Definition: a rhinoceros
Examples: The safari thrill of seeing an elephant or rhino unexpectedly lumber into view is also missing.
Thankfully, no lions or rhinos came quite that close.
flamingo // фламинго
Plural: flamingos (or flamingoes)
Definition: a bird with pink feathers, long thin legs, a long neck, and a curved beak
Examples: Before turning inland we passed pink flamingos stalking the salty shallows.
O ➡ OS, OES
lasso ( // лассо
Plural: lassos or lassoes
Definition: a long rope with a loop at one end, used especially by cowboys for catching cattle
Examples: He rides with cowboys and tries rounding up cattle with a lasso.
tornado // торнадо
Plural: tornados
Definition: a violent wind storm consisting of a tall column of air which spins round very fast and causes a lot of damage
Examples: The building was badly damaged in a tornado.
More storms and tornados are expected this weekend.
Freak weather, including hurricanes and tornados, becomes more common.
grotto // грот
Plural: grottoes
Definition: a small picturesque cave, especially an artificial one in a park or garden
Examples: An elegant swan wandered around the grotto flapping its wings at the mosquitos.
innuendo // инсинуация
Plural: innuendoes
Definition: an allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one
Examples: She’s always making sly innuendoes.
a constant torrent of innuendo, gossip, lies, and half-truths.
mango // манго
Plural: mangoes
Definition: a fleshy, oval, yellowish-red tropical fruit
Examples: Peel the mango and slice it into the blender.
Avoid too many sweet fruits; mango, pineapple and melon are full of sugar.
volcano: volcanoes or volcanos // вулкан
Plural: volcanoes (or volcanos)
Definition: a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are or have been erupted from the earth’s crust
Examples: It is one of the world’s most active volcanoes, and one of its most accessible.
stiletto // каблук
Plural: stilettos (or stilettoes)
Definition: a woman’s shoe with a thin, high tapering heel
Examples: The rapid click of stilettos on pavement
O ➡ OES
dingo // динго
Plural: dingoes
Definition: a wild or half-domesticated dog with a sandy-coloured coat, found in Australia
embargo // эмбарго
Plural: embargoes
Definition: an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country
Examples: an embargo on grain sales
| an arms embargo.
hero // герой
Plural: heroes
Definition: a person who is admired for their courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities:
Examples: a war hero.
“To us,” Pet once said, “they were heroes, young gods.”
motto // мотив
Plural: mottoes
Definition: Music a phrase which recurs throughout a musical work and has some symbolical significance
Examples: They were developing the use of leitmotifs or mottoes that appear throughout an opera.
potato // картофель
Plural: potatoes
Definition: Potatoes are quite round vegetables with brown or red skins and white insides. They grow under the ground.
Examples: roast potatoes
veto // вето
Plural: vetoes
Definition: a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a lawmaking body
Examples: The Opposition effectively have a veto on constitutional reform.
torpedo // торпеда
Plural: torpedoes
Definition: a bomb that is shaped like a tube and that travels under water
Examples: The latter practice may have raised morale, but drastically shortened the torpedoes’ range.
domino // домино
Plural: dominoes
Definition: Dominoes are small rectangular blocks marked with two groups of spots on one side.
Examples: Everyone will fall over like a row of dominoes.
echo // эхо
Plural: echoes
Definition: a sound or sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface back to the listener
Examples: The walls threw back the echoes of his footsteps.
He listened and heard nothing but the echoes of his own voice in the cave.
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